The presence of the HLA-B*57:01 allele is a significant risk factor for the development of a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir. The presence of this allele can be determined by genetic testing before patients start abacavir therapy.
Diagnostic Process:
Genetic Testing: Before starting abacavir treatment, patients should undergo genetic testing to determine the presence of the HLA-B*57:01 allele. These tests are performed through PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or other genetic analysis methods.
Negative Result: If a negative result for the HLA-B*57:01 allele is obtained, the patient can start abacavir therapy.
Positive Result: If a positive result for the HLA-B*57:01 allele is obtained, the patient should not be prescribed abacavir. These patients should be treated with antiretroviral drugs other than abacavir.
